When did Tea become the National Drink of England? (2024)

When and why did tea become the national drink of England? Throughout most of the 1700s, tea was affordable only to the wealthiest classes. But immediately after the War of Independence, in 1784, the British tax on tea was lowered from what amounted to a 100% tariff to a flat 12.5 per cent of the value of tea imported.

Why was the tax cut so dramatically? The motivating factor was ale. This was precipitated by bad harvests and high grain prices that drove up the price of ale, the staple drink of the poor.

In an era of without adequate public supplies of clean drinking water, the boiling of water or its fermentation into ale were necessary in order to make it reasonably safe.

The Twining family met several times with the Prime Minister to work a deal whereby the tax would be removed or lowered and the merchants would make up the loss of revenue to the treasury. Parliament recognized that ‘tea has become an economical substitute to the middle and lower classes of society for malt liquor, the price of which renders it impossible for them to procure the quantity sufficient for them as their only drink.’

Within ten years of the Commutation Act, tea imports had quadrupled and the Twining tea business boomed. This act solidified tea’s role as a necessity for all classes of British society and it marks the point at which we can see tea established as the national drink of England.

François de La Rochefoucauld in 1784 commented:

The drinking of tea is general throughout England. It is drunk twice a day, and although it is still very expensive, even the humblest peasant will take his tea twice a day, like the proudest; it is a huge consumption. Sugar, even unrefined sugar, which is necessary in large quantities and is very dear, does nothing to prevent this custom from being universal, without any exception.

Sir Frederic Eden in his 1797 survey of the state of the poor commented:

Any person who will give himself the trouble of stepping into the cottages of Middlesex and Surrey at meal times, will find that in poor families’ tea is not only usual beverage, in the morning and evening, but is generally drunk in large quantities even at dinner.

When did Tea become the National Drink of England? (2024)

FAQs

When did Tea become the National Drink of England? ›

I conclude, therefore, that only the custom of tea drinking was formed by the nineteenth century at latest, but it was after the 1870's that tea of a relatively high quality became the national drink.

When did tea become an English drink? ›

The world began to learn of China's tea secret in the early 1600s, when Dutch traders started bringing it to Europe in large quantities. It first arrived in Britain in the 1650s, when it was served as a novelty in London's coffee houses. Back then, tea was a rare drink that very few consumed.

Why has tea become a national drink in Britain? ›

Within ten years of the Commutation Act, tea imports had quadrupled and the Twining tea business boomed. This act solidified tea's role as a necessity for all classes of British society and it marks the point at which we can see tea established as the national drink of England.

Who brought tea drinking to England? ›

Catherine Braganza: the Tea-Drinking Queen. Potuguese and Dutch traders began importing tea from China to Europe in the early 1600's. However, it didn't arrive on British shores until the mid-1650's. The first advertisem*nt for tea appeared in the British Weekly magazine : The Mercurius Politicus in September 1658.

What is the national drink of England? ›

Tea. If there is one thing that England is famous for its tea! It is without doubt the national beverage and can be found at any café or restaurant. Despite originating from India and China, tea is now considered as English as the White Cliffs of Dover.

What did British people drink before tea? ›

Water, milk and small beer (which was a sort of very weak beer). And drinks like beer and cider were heated by putting a hot poker into them.

Why do the British drink tea instead of coffee? ›

Tea is woven deep into Britain's cultural fabric, having arrived in the 1650s after Dutch traders brought it to Europe from China. Centuries of tradition made it the nation's favorite hot drink.

Why do Brits put milk in tea? ›

The answer is that in the 17th and 18th centuries the china cups tea was served in were so delicate they would crack from the heat of the tea. Milk was added to cool the liquid and stop the cups from cracking. This is why, even today, many English people add milk to their cups BEFORE adding the tea!

Why did the British dump the tea? ›

To protest British Parliament's tax on tea. "No taxation without representation." The demonstrators boarded the ships and threw the chests of tea into the Boston Harbor. The British government considered the protest an act of treason and responded harshly.

What is the national drink of the USA? ›

Back in the days of the Boston Tea Party, drinking coffee became an act of patriotism as Americans protested the excessive tax levied by King George III on their tea. The Continental Congress, as a result, made coffee the “national drink”.

What is the most drank drink in England? ›

Beer. Historically, beer has been the most popular choice of drink in Britain, but since the 1960s and more prominently the 1980s wine consumption has mostly taken up beer's previous market domination within the UK.

Who taught the English to drink tea? ›

Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles II introduced the ritual of drinking teas to the English Royal Court and the habit adopted by the aristocracy.

When did tea come to America? ›

In the year 1640 tea was introduced to the America's by the Dutch, and quickly became a staple in upper society households in what was known then as New Amsterdam.

When did the English start drinking coffee? ›

According to Morris, the coffee initially consumed in England in the 17th Century was likely akin to modern-day Turkish coffee, albeit using stale coffee grounds given the long journey from the plant's production hubs in Mocha, modern-day Yemen.

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