Who invented Maths subject during the Scientific Revolution
Below is the detailed information about revolution in math over the centuries-
17th century
Europe experienced an unheard-of increase in mathematical and scientific ideas during the 17th century. Using a telescope modeled after a toy imported from Holland, Galileo observed the moons of Jupiter orbiting that planet. The positions of the planets in the sky were described mathematically in great detail by Tycho Brahe. Johannes Kepler was first exposed to and actively engaged with the subject of planetary motion through his role as Brahe's assistant. The contemporaneous development of logarithms by John Napier and Jost Bürgi facilitated Kepler's calculations. Kepler was successful in identifying the mathematical rules governing planetary motion. René Descartes' (1596-1650) analytical geometry made it possible to plot those orbits in cartesian coordinates on a graph.
18th century
Leonhard Euler (1707–1783), who lived in the 18th century, was probably the most important mathematician of the time. His contributions include standardizing many contemporary mathematical terms and notations as well as founding the field of graph theory with the Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem. He popularized the use of the Greek letter to stand for the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, for instance, and gave the square root of minus 1 the symbol i. Numerous theorems and notations bearing his name attest to his numerous contributions to the fields of topology, graph theory, calculus, combinatorics, and complex analysis.
19th century
The 19th century saw a rise in the abstraction of mathematics. This pattern is best exemplified by Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855). Leaving aside his numerous contributions to science, he performed ground-breaking research on the convergence of series, geometry, and functions of complex variables. Additionally, he provided the first successful justifications for the quadratic reciprocity law and the algebraic fundamental theorem.
The parallel postulate of Euclidean geometry is no longer valid in the two non-Euclidean forms of geometry that have developed this century. In hyperbolic geometry, where uniqueness of parallels no longer holds, the Russian mathematician Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky and his rival, the Hungarian mathematician János Bolyai, independently defined and studied the subject. In this geometry, the total of a triangle's angles is not greater than 180°. The German mathematician Bernhard Riemann created elliptic geometry, where there is no parallel and a triangle's angles add up to more than 180 degrees. A manifold is a concept that generalizes the concepts of curves and surfaces. Riemann also created Riemannian geometry, which unifies and greatly expands the three types of geometry.
20th century
In the 20th century, mathematics emerged as a significant profession. Numerous positions in teaching and business were open, and there were thousands of new math Ph.D.s awarded each year. In Klein's encyclopedia, there was an attempt to list the branches and uses of mathematics. David Hilbert listed 23 unsolved mathematical puzzles in a 1900 speech to the International Congress of Mathematicians. These issues, which cut across many branches of mathematics, served as the main focus of 20th-century mathematics. Currently, 10 have been resolved, 7 have been partially resolved, and 2 remain unresolved. The remaining 4 are too ill-defined to be classified as either solved or unsolved.
Important historical hypotheses were ultimately proven. It was controversial at the time because Wolfgang Haken and Kenneth Appel used a computer to demonstrate the four color theorem in 1976. In 1995, Andrew Wiles proved Fermat's Last Theorem by building on prior research. The continuum hypothesis was shown to be independent of (could not be both proved and disproved from) the fundamental axioms of set theory by Paul Cohen and Kurt Gödel. Thomas Callister Hales established the Kepler hypothesis in 1998.
21st century
The seven Millennium Prize Problems were revealed by the Clay Mathematics Institute in 2000, and Grigori Perelman solved the Poincaré conjecture in 2003 (though he declined to accept an award because he was critical of the mathematics establishment). The majority of mathematical journals now have both print and online editions, and numerous online-only journals are being launched. Open access publishing is becoming more popular, thanks in large part to arXiv.
